Verba ‘Memberi’ dalam Bahasa Jepang: Kajian Metabahasa Semantik Alami

Abstrak

The verb 'give' can be matched with many words in Japanese. In addition to the verbs watasu, ageru, yaru,
kudasaru, and kureru which are learned at the elementary level, many other words have the meaning of 'to
give' in Japanese, including juyo suru, kizou suru, kifu suru, ataeru, okuru, sashiageru. This article discusses
the use of semantic linguistic theory, namely Natural Semantic Metalanguage to dissect the meaning
configuration of three 'give' verbs in Japanese, namely kizou suru, kifu suru, and juyo suru. Although these
three verbs are not taught in the basic level book of Minna no Nihongo and are not included in the core
vocabulary list for students, through the application of Natural Semantic Metalanguage theory, the semantic
structure of the three verbs can be mapped and explicated. The method of providing data is using the
observation method by utilizing the corpus data. The results of the analysis show that the three verbs have 11
components of meaning. However, it can still be distinguished based on the type of object that accompanies
the verbs. It can be concluded that these three verbs do have closeness. However, of these three verbs, the
verb juyo suru and kizou suru are more closely related in meaning. This is evidenced by the exact explication
between the verbs juyo suru and kizou suru. By knowing the meaning configuration of each verb, students can
choose the correct verb to produce an acceptable and natural speech according to the context of its use as a
native Japanese speaker.